(0)deadlock characterization
Deadlock can arise if four conditions hold simultaneously:
1.Mutual Exclusion
- only one process at a time can use a resource.
- If another process requests that resource, the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released
2.Hold and Wait
- a process that holding at least one resource is waiting to acquire additional resources held by other processes.
3.No Preemption
- a resource can be released only voluntarily by the process holding it, after that process has completed its task.
4.Circular Wait
- there exists a set {P0, P1, …, P0} of waiting processes such that
P0 is waiting for a resource that is held by P1,
P1is waiting for a resource that is held by P2, …, Pn–1is waiting for a resource that is held by Pn, and P0is waiting for a resource that is held by P0.
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